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Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me

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Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDavid Lynch
Screenplay by
Based onTwin Peaks
by Mark Frost
David Lynch
Produced byGregg Fienberg
Starring
CinematographyRon Garcia
Edited byMary Sweeney
Music byAngelo Badalamenti
Production
company
Distributed by
Release dates
  • May 16, 1992 (1992-05-16) (Cannes)
  • July 3, 1992 (1992-07-03) (France)
  • August 28, 1992 (1992-08-28) (United States)
Running time
134 minutes[1]
Countries
  • France
  • United States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$10-12 million
Box office$4.2 million (North America)[2]

Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me is a 1992 psychological horror film[3][4] directed by David Lynch, and co-written by Lynch and Robert Engels. It serves as a prequel to seasons one and two of the television series Twin Peaks (1990–1991), created and produced by Mark Frost and Lynch. It begins with the FBI's investigation into the murder of Teresa Banks (Pamela Gidley) before shifting to the last seven days of the life of Laura Palmer (Sheryl Lee), a popular-but-troubled high school student in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington. Palmer's murder was the primary plot thread of the TV series.

Most of the television cast reprised their roles for the film. However, Fire Walk with Me has a much darker and less humorous tone than the TV series, and many comparatively lighthearted scenes featuring town residents were cut. In addition, the series' main star, Kyle MacLachlan (Dale Cooper), asked for his role to be downsized, and Lara Flynn Boyle's character Donna Hayward was recast with Moira Kelly. In 2014, several deleted scenes were recut into a narrative and released as Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces.

This article is part of
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David Lynch's signature

Fire Walk with Me premiered at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival in competition for the Palme d'Or. The film was notoriously polarizing: Lynch said that the film was booed at Cannes, and the American press generally panned the film. The film was controversial for its frank and vivid depiction of parental sexual abuse, its relative absence of fan-favorite characters, its surrealistic and experimental style, and its refusal to address many of the TV series' unfinished narratives, including its cliffhanger ending. The film was a box-office bomb in North America, but fared much better in Japan. Due to the poor reception, plans for two sequels were abandoned. However, the film has been positively reevaluated in the 21st century, and is now widely regarded as one of Lynch's major works. Lynch and Frost eventually received funding to produce a third season of the TV series in 2017, which revisited several plot threads from the film. In 2019, the British Film Institute ranked Fire Walk with Me the fourth-best film of the 1990s.

Plot

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Deer Meadow prologue

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A man smashes a television as a woman screams.[a]

In 1988, the Deer Meadow, Washington police discover the body of Teresa Banks.[b] The FBI's Gordon Cole sends two agents to investigate. In contrast to Twin Peaks, the townsfolk are cold and unhelpful. While searching Teresa's home, the agents see a photo of her wearing a strange ring, which has disappeared. Agent Desmond finds the ring, but himself disappears.

Cole and Agent Dale Cooper are interrupted by the long-disappeared Agent Jeffries, who recounts a vision of mysterious spirits before vanishing. Cooper searches for Desmond, but learns nothing.

The Last Seven Days of Laura Palmer

[edit]

One year later, Laura Palmer juggles her double life. Popular and beautiful, she is Twin Peaks High School's homecoming queen. However, she is traumatized by BOB, a malevolent spirit who has been "having" her since she was twelve. To fuel her cocaine addiction, she dates her drug dealer Bobby Briggs and moonlights as a prostitute. She also cheats on Bobby with James Hurley.

Laura finds that someone has ripped out her diary entries about BOB. She entrusts the diary to Harold Smith.[c] After two spirits from Jeffries' vision warn her that the "man behind the mask" is in her bedroom, Laura witnesses BOB searching her diary's usual hiding place. When she runs outside, she sees her father Leland instead of BOB, but does not want to believe BOB is her father. At dinner, Leland seems free from BOB's influence, but humiliates Laura anyway.

In a dream, Laura visits the Red Room and meets a future version of Cooper[d] and The Man from Another Place, who cryptically calls himself "the arm."[e] The Man offers her Teresa's ring, but Cooper tells her to reject it. Annie Blackburn instructs her to write down that "the good Dale is in the Lodge and cannot leave."

The following evening, Laura travels to Canada with her pimp Jacques Renault and two clients. Her naive best friend, Donna Hayward, follows her to investigate. Despite Laura's misgivings, she lets Donna come along. After a client spikes Donna's drink and takes her top off, Laura drags her away. She begs Donna not to become like her.

BOB's rival MIKE confronts Leland and Laura on the street. After MIKE brandishes Teresa's ring, Leland recalls killing Teresa, an underage prostitute who resembles Laura. Teresa once recruited Laura to sleep with Leland, but he backed out after seeing Laura.[f] MIKE tells Laura that Leland is BOB, but his words are barely audible. That night, Jacques sends Bobby and Laura to retrieve a cocaine shipment, but it is actually a sting operation. To escape, Bobby kills the policeman.[g]

The following evening, Leland hands his wife Sarah a spiked drink. She hesitates after taking a sip, but finishes it after Leland prods her. She has a vision of a pale horse.[h] BOB rapes Laura while Sarah sleeps. To Laura's horror, BOB's face turns into Leland's.

The next day, a distressed Laura spaces out. She has a vision in which an angel disappears. She breaks up with James, and Bobby realizes she only dates him for cocaine.

Jacques summons Laura to his cabin, where he is waiting with Leo Johnson and underage prostitute Ronette Pulaski. Jacques rapes Laura. Leland arrives and knocks Jacques unconscious, but instead of rescuing the girls, he takes them to his own hiding place. MIKE tracks him down and rescues Ronette, but Leland shuts the door before he can save Laura. MIKE tosses Laura Teresa's ring.

Laura watches her captor's face flicker between Leland and BOB. BOB says that he wants to possess her. Leland shows her the diary pages he tore out and says, "I always thought you knew it was me." After Laura puts on Teresa's ring, BOB kills her and Leland throws her body into the river.

In the Red Room, BOB and Leland meet MIKE and the Arm, who demand "pain and sorrow" from BOB.[i] In response, BOB draws blood from Leland (who is unaware of his surroundings) and spatters it on the floor.

The locals discover Laura's body. Laura finds herself in the Red Room, where Cooper comforts her. She has a vision of an angel and cries tears of joy.

Cast

[edit]
Further information: List of Twin Peaks characters

The following actors and characters appear in scenes cut from the theatrical version but later compiled in Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces:[5]

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

ABC cancelled the Twin Peaks TV series after its second season. The series' production company, Aaron Spelling Productions, considered footing the bill for a third season and distributing the episodes by itself, but balked at the $500,000-an-episode cost.[6] In February 1991, shortly before Twin Peaks was cancelled, David Lynch signed a three-picture deal with French distributor CIBY 2000.[7] The Los Angeles Times initially reported that Fire Walk with Me would be the first of these three pictures,[8] but the film was removed from the deal and produced separately.[9][10]

Lynch proposed making a Twin Peaks film for CIBY.[6] He said that he was "not yet finished with the material."[11] He also called the film "my cherry-pie present to the fans of the show – however, one that's wrapped in barbed wire."[12] Fire Walk with Me was announced just a month after the series was cancelled.[13][14] Although CIBY and Spelling fought over the film rights (Spelling eventually won the distribution rights outside France and North America),[6] Lynch finished the film less than a year after it was greenlighted.[15] The film had a budget of either $10 or $12 million,[16][6] By contrast, Lynch's original CIBY deal called for an outlay of $70 million for three films.[6][7]

Although Twin Peaks co-creator Mark Frost received a producer credit on the film, he was not involved with the film, as he and Lynch disagreed on whether to make a prequel or sequel.[17] Lynch wanted a prequel because "I was in love with the character of Laura Palmer and her contradictions: radiant on the surface but dying inside."[15] Frost wanted a sequel because he "felt very strongly that our audience wanted to see the story go forward."[18] He proposed starting the film right where the final episode left off.[19] Lynch's vision won out, as CIBY wanted Lynch to be involved.[17] Frost left the production; he had already grown tense with Lynch during the troubled production of the TV series' second season.[19] Lynch hired Robert Engels to co-write the script.[19] Frost later said that he was impressed by how the film's non-linear narrative managed to combine elements of both prequels and sequels.[20]

Casting

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Lynch planned to start filming in August 1991, but Kyle MacLachlan (Dale Cooper) prompted a delay by threatening to pull out.[6] MacLachlan provided various reasons for his reluctance to participate. He was worried about being typecast as a Cooper-esque figure in future productions.[19] In 2000, he added that he "felt a little abandoned" by Lynch and Frost during the second season of the TV series, as the two were simultaneously working on their own projects. He said that he blamed himself for souring his relationship with Lynch.[21] After a month, MacLachlan agreed to return, on condition that he only appear for five days of shooting. This forced Lynch and Engels to rewrite the first act, which originally had Cooper investigating Teresa Banks' murder.[22] MacLachlan implied that he had requested rewrites to those scenes before he would consider appearing in them, "and David was unwilling to do that."[21] Lynch filled in the gap with Chris Isaak, a singer whose songs he had previously used in Blue Velvet and Wild at Heart.[23] He also cast Pamela Gidley to play Teresa Banks, the young woman whose murder starts the film's narrative; she had previously auditioned for the role of Shelly Johnson that eventually went to Mädchen Amick.[24]

The film was made without Twin Peaks series regulars Lara Flynn Boyle (Donna Hayward), Sherilyn Fenn (Audrey Horne), and Richard Beymer (Benjamin Horne).[8][25] The character of Donna was recast with Moira Kelly, who had worked with Sheryl Lee on Love, Lies, and Murder.[26] Boyle and Fenn's absences were initially attributed to scheduling conflicts,[8] which Fenn repeated in 2014.[27] However, Fenn added in 1995 that she did not want to return because she "was extremely disappointed in the way the second season got off track."[14] A 1997 biography of Lynch said that according to rumor, Boyle declined to return because she felt Lynch's treatment of female characters was misogynistic.[28] Beymer declined to appear, remarking that he expected Lynch to cut his "token" appearance from the final edit anyway.[25] He added that he was dismayed by a scene in which Ben Horne offers Laura Palmer cocaine for a kiss,[29] which he said reduced Ben to "just a coke dealer."[25]

Filming

[edit]

Principal photography began on September 5, 1991 in Snoqualmie, Washington[6] and lasted for two months, until the end of October.[30] The shoot spent four weeks shooting on location in Washington and another month shooting in the Los Angeles area.[19] In addition to existing filming locations from the TV series, Seattle, Washington doubled for the FBI office in Philadelphia; the scene in Jacques' cabin was shot at an actual cabin in Angeles National Forest; and the scene where Laura in the train car dies was shot on a Los Angeles soundstage.[31] Lynch had scheduled Laura's death scene for the Washington shoot, but after going over schedule, the schedule was rearranged, and Laura's death was not filmed until October 31, the last day of shooting.[30]

Sheryl Lee appreciated the chance to play Laura as she lived, as the TV show had mostly asked her to play Laura in flashbacks. She said that filming the prequel "allowed me to come full circle with the character."[14] She was so intensely focused on the character that she did not start "having my own thoughts again" until two weeks after shooting wrapped.[32]

The actors' sometimes-hectic schedules forced Lynch to improvise. In addition to MacLachlan's limitation of five days on set,[22] Lynch insisted on casting Gidley even though she was shooting a different film at the same time; she shot her Fire Walk with Me scenes on her free days.[24] Kiefer Sutherland reportedly sustained facial injuries during the shoot, forcing his scenes to be delayed, although the producers and police denied the claim.[6] David Bowie shot his scenes in four or five days because Tin Machine needed to rehearse for their upcoming tour.[33] He was not pleased with his Southern accent, and asked Lynch and Frost to overdub his lines when they used archive footage from the film in Twin Peaks: The Return.[34] In addition, Lynch himself was dealing with a hernia "during the entire shoot"; he had injured himself while laughing too hard at something funny that Angelo Badalamenti did.[35]

Editing

[edit]

Lynch originally shot more than five hours of footage, which he cut down to two hours and fourteen minutes.[36] There were also rumors of a 220-minute cut.[37] Most of the deleted scenes feature supporting characters from the television series.[38] The deleted scenes were eventually released in 2014 as Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces.[5]

Lynch explained that he wanted to focus the film on Laura Palmer, and that the deleted scenes "were too tangential to keep the main story progressing properly."[39] He added that leaving them in would have changed the tone of the film to be less dark.[39] However, he admitted that "you'd like to have everybody there" and that he felt "a little bit of a sadness" about removing the scenes.[40]After the scenes were released in 2014, The Dissolve agreed that while "it's a treat to see everyone in character again, ... [it's] hard to imagine how their inclusion would have improved the film."[37]

Themes

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Sexual abuse

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According to Lynch, the movie is about "the loneliness, shame, guilt, confusion and devastation of the victim of incest. It also dealt with the torment of the father – the war in him."[39] After the film's release, Lynch told Chris Rodley that he received many letters from victims of parental sexual abuse, who "were puzzled as to how he could have known exactly what it was like."[41] Rodley said that although the character of BOB was an abstraction of Laura's story, "it was recognized as faithful to the subjective experience."[41] Sheryl Lee said that many victims of incest told her they were "glad that [the film] was made because it helped them to release a lot."[14]

Lynch noted that the film also invited viewers to "put [themselves] in [Sarah Palmer's] place," and suggested that Palmer may have had some awareness of her husband's crimes. He said that while Palmer might display "a kind of knowing," she also may have felt that "it's better just to wait [] and hope that it stops, or that he's caught by someone else."[42]

The film highlights the use of storytelling and dreaming as a way to process trauma. The Dissolve's Keith Phipps explains that the film is essentially ambiguous about BOB's true nature: BOB can be interpreted as Laura’s "elaborate fantasy system protecting her from realizing her father is her abuser," but BOB is also "a real, malevolent force being investigated by the FBI."[37] Grantland's Alex Pappademas praised the film for reinventing BOB's character, explaining that the series inappropriately "absolv[ed]" Leland Palmer by attributing his crimes to demonic possession. He hypothesized that the series treated BOB as a supernatural being because Fire Walk with Me's version of the story was "too bleak for television." However, he preferred to characterize BOB as an element of Leland’s schizophrenia.[22] Writing in Literature/Film Quarterly, Indiana University's Laura Plummer wrote that Fire Walk with Me draws on a much older strand of fairytales, including Giambattista Basile's 1636 story "Sun, Moon, and Talia" in Pentamerone (an ancestor of Sleeping Beauty), which, she argues, also has undercurrents of parental incest.[43]

Spiritualism and morality

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According to David Foster Wallace, the film portrays Laura as a "complex, contradictory, real" person, "both sinned-against and sinning," which "required of us an empathetic confrontation with the exact same muddy bothness in ourselves."[44] Wallace suggested that one of the reasons Fire Walk with Me performed poorly at the box office was that American mass audiences were uncomfortable with Laura's moral ambiguity and wanted Lynch to condemn her for the various crimes she commits in the film. He argued that filmgoers generally go to the movies for a respite from the ambiguity of real life, which Fire Walk with Me does not allow.[44]

Although Laura dies at the end, she is welcomed by an angel. In a deleted scene, Will Hayward reassures Laura that "the angels will return, and when you see the one that's meant to help you, you will weep with joy."[45] RogerEbert.com's Matt Fagerholm commented that the scene was cut because while Hayward "explicitly states the meaning" of the film's ending, "Lynch wants us to intuit its meaning, as a true artist does."[46] This ending resembles that of The Elephant Man, where Merrick's mother appears as an angel to welcome her son.[47] More broadly, guardian angels and similar entities are a semi-frequent motif in Lynch films, such as Eraserhead and Wild at Heart.[48] However, even the angel in Fire Walk with Me is a complicated figure, as the film repeatedly emphasizes that angels "did nothing to protect Laura" during her life.[47]

Surrealism

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The film was noted for its stylistic divergence from the TV series, which was a soap opera with fantastic elements and a "cosy eccentricity," in contrast to Lynch's frequently-surrealistic feature films.[16] Mary Sweeney, the film's editor, said that fans "so badly wanted it to be like the TV show, and it wasn't. It was a David Lynch feature. And people were very angry about it. They felt betrayed."[14] Looking back in 2017, Syfy's Matthew Jackson said that the film had "all of the darkness of Twin Peaks with almost none of the soap opera irony, quirky humor or disorienting charm."[12] Lindsay Hallam attributes the initial negative reaction to the fact that "Lynch does not let [the audience] off the hook – we are taken so far into Laura's experience, without any respite."[49]

Reception

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Box office

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In a reversal of the usual practice, the film was first released in Japan in mid-May 1992 to capitalize on the show's devoted Japanese fanbase,[50][51] under the title Twin Peaks: The Last Seven Days of Laura Palmer.[52] Although Japanese reviews were mixed,[53] the film was greeted with long lines of moviegoers at theaters.[52] By early August, the film had grossed around $2.9 million.[50] According to cinematographer Ron Garcia, Japanese women particularly appreciated the film. He believed "that the enthusiasm of the Japanese women comes from a gratification of seeing in Laura some acknowledgment of their suffering in a repressive society."[54]

After an early premiere at the Snoqualmie Twin Peaks Festival on August 14-16, 1992,[6] New Line Cinema released the film in the United States on August 28, 1992. It grossed a total of US$1.8 million in 691 theaters in its opening weekend and went on to gross a total of $4.2 million in North America,[2] well below its estimated $15 million break-even point.[55] (New Line had paid $6 million for the North American distribution rights.[55]) Although the film did not bomb in France,[56] the disappointing worldwide box office prompted CIBY to cancel its plans for future Twin Peaks films.[13]

Rationale for box office performance

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The film's poor box office returns in North America have been attributed to various causes. Yahoo! Movies' Steve O'Brien pointed out that the series had already been cancelled due to low ratings, meaning that "it's not as if there was a public thirst for more Twin Peaks."[16] Lynch suggested that there might have still been an audience for the film at the time it was greenlit, but lamented that "during the year that it took to make the film, everything changed."[15] In fact, shortly before the film was released in the United States, The New York Times remarked that American interest in the series had "long [since] ... faded."[50]

The film also alienated its remaining viewers because it was not a conventional continuation of the television series, focused on a character who rarely appeared in the show, and omitted many fan-favorite characters.[16][57] It intentionally disregarded many hanging threads from season two of the TV series,[58] even though the series left "numerous cliffhangers."[59] Keith Phipps noted that the film has a strange relationship with the TV series, since "the movie demanded to be seen on its own terms," but "without the series, the film is nearly incomprehensible."[37] For example, the first act of the film is concerned with Deer Meadow, whose effect on the audience comes from being "a parallel-universe version" of the town of Twin Peaks, but "dumber, meaner, [and] uglier."[22]

Festival circuit and accolades

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Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me was entered into the 1992 Cannes Film Festival in competition for the Palme d'Or,[60] where it was met with a polarized response.[61] According to Lynch, CIBY's Francis Bouygues was not well-liked in France, which complicated the reception.[62]

Lynch said that when he arrived at Cannes, he felt a hostile environment and could feel that "people [were] very angry and upset."[63] He added that the Cannes audience booed the film,[20][64][65] although co-writer Robert Engels disagreed.[66] Contemporary news reports mention a mixture of "booing and applause"[67] and some "hoots and whistles."[68] Filmmaker Quentin Tarantino said that the film made him think that "David Lynch had disappeared so far up his own ass that I have no desire to see another David Lynch movie until I hear something different."[69]

Despite its mixed critical and poor commercial response, Fire Walk with Me was nominated for five Saturn Awards and two Independent Spirit Awards, including Sheryl Lee being nominated for Best Actress. Angelo Badalamenti's musical score subsequently won a Spirit Award, a Saturn Award and a Brit Award.[70]

Contemporary critical response

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Although Lynch expected the film to be polarizing and said it would be impossible to make a movie that appealed to everyone,[71] reviews from American critics were generally negative.[15] New Line Cinema declined to pre-screen the film for critics, which the Los Angeles Times called "at the very least, unusual."[72] The Times surmised that New Line withheld the film because industry insiders considered it "an unqualified disaster" and "expected bad reviews."[55] When the film did hit theaters, The New York Times recalled that "film critics who sat through it left theaters and screening rooms thirsting for vengeance."[73]

New York Times critics Janet Maslin and Vincent Canby savagely panned the film, with Maslin writing that "Mr. Lynch's taste for brain-dead grotesque has lost its novelty,"[74] and Canby saying that the film "induce[d] a state of simulated brain death."[75] The Washington Post's Rita Kempley condemned "Lynch's pretentiousness," describing the film as a "perversely moving, profoundly self-indulgent prequel" with "weirdly fundamentalist" religious imagery.[76] Other critics who harshly criticized the film included Roger Ebert ("shockingly bad ...simpleminded and scornful of its audience"),[77] Dave Kehr ("simplistic, puritanical," "depressingly interminable," and "proudly naive"),[78] and Owen Gleiberman ("a true folly—almost nothing in it adds up").[79]

Several critics submitted more measured, if still negative, reviews. Variety's Todd McCarthy questioned the need for a prequel, suggesting that while the film was "sometimes captivating," everyone watching the film knew Leland Palmer was the killer, and Laura felt more like a "tiresome teenager" than a "compelling character."[80] Rolling Stone's Peter Travers wrote that the film was "no match for the two-hour TV pilot" and that "Lynch's control falters," but remained hopeful for future Lynch films.[81] The Los Angeles Times' Michael Wilmington asserted that the film "isn't a superior movie" on its own, but argued that the combination of the film and series was "a pop-cultural landmark, with all the bad taste and high style required."[82]

Several critics who had praised Lynch's earlier films simply declined to review Fire Walk with Me, including Richard Corliss, David Ansen, and Gene Siskel.[77] One of the few American critics who publicly defended the film was LA Weekly film editor Steve Erickson, who wrote that while the film's first act was marred by "extraneous weirdness and sophomoric symbolism," Laura Palmer's story was "remarkable and disturbingly authentic." He questioned why the film community was so quick to attack the film, explaining that "we're happy to ... celebrate [] genius when all it means is some kind of kooky eccentricity," but "when that genius insists on its own dark audacity," the community treats it like "radioactive waste." He concluded that "people are ultimately appalled not by [the film's] badness but its integrity."[83] In 1998, critic Manohla Dargis, writing in the same publication, called Erickson's review "one of the bravest pieces of film criticism I've read."[84]

More positive reviews came from British film critics. Sight & Sound's Kim Newman said that "the film's many moments of horror [...] demonstrate just how tidy, conventional and domesticated the generic horror movie of the 1980s and 1990s has become".[85] However, not all British film critics were positive about the film. Barry Norman declared it "baffling," but added that Lynch was "a very original filmmaker, and since there are so few of those about, we ought perhaps to give him the benefit of the doubt, and indulge him a little."[86]

On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 65% approval rating based on 82 reviews, with an average score of 6.8/10 and a consensus: "For better or worse, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me is every bit as strange and twisted as you'd expect from David Lynch."[87] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 45 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[88]

Critical reappraisal and legacy

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Fire Walk with Me was a beautiful experience, in a way. When you're down, when you've been kicked down in the street, and then kicked a few more times till you're really bleeding and some teeth are out, then you really only have up to go. It's so beautiful to be down there.

— Lynch in 1997[89]

Reappraisal

[edit]

In Lynch on Lynch (1997), Chris Rodley wrote that "only now is the movie enjoying a degree of cautious but sympathetic critical re-evaluation."[39] The trend grew more visible by the mid-2000s. In 2002, Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine gave the film four out of four stars.[90] In 2003, Slant also included the film in its list of "100 Essential Films."[91] In 2007, critic Mark Kermode told Lynch that while contemporary critics "didn't just dislike [the film], they were actively hostile towards it," today "people feel it's actually a masterpiece."[92]

Fire Walk with Me has maintained its reputation in the 2010s and 2020s; in 2014, The Telegraph's Robbie Collin wrote that "time has passed, and its brilliance is gradually coming into focus, just as Lynch hoped it would.”[64] Following Lynch's death in 2025, The New York Times' Esther Zuckerman called the film "revered."[93] The film placed highly on several retrospective rankings of 1990s films, including #4 by the British Film Institute (2019),[94] #11 by Slant magazine (2012),[95] #18 by IndieWire (2022),[96] and #31 by Time Out (2024).[97] The 2022 Sight & Sound critics' poll ranked the film #211 all-time, tied with (among others) Brief Encounter and Raiders of the Lost Ark.[98] The same poll ranked Fire Walk with Me as Lynch's third-best feature film and fourth-best film, with Mulholland Drive at #8, Blue Velvet at #85, and Twin Peaks: The Return at #152.[98] IGN also ranked it the 76th-best horror movie in history.[99]

The film and the TV series both benefited from the wave of high-concept cable television dramas in the 2000s and 2010s, colloquially dubbed "Peak TV." The Observer's Sarah Hughes noted that Twin Peaks was "the show that changed television," and explained that "practically every drama with a mystery at its heart, from Lost to Wayward Pines, has been branded as the new Twin Peaks."[100] Although the show's tension with the formulaic aspects of 1980s-1990s network television was considered "shocking" at the time, the show's more surrealistic aspects, which Fire Walk with Me underscored, were widely copied by a new generation of television showrunners.[101] The Atlantic's David Sims added that while Fire Walk with Me was "abrasively surreal" and "barely devotes any time to the TV show's core cast outside of Sheryl Lee and Ray Wise," Twin Peaks "practically invented the 'auteurist' idea of creator-driven TV that now pervades every premium network."[102]

In addition, several critics have praised the film for disrupting traditional narratives of Americana. The Village Voice's Calum Marsh called the film "Lynch's masterpiece," explaining that while Blue Velvet also "dug up a small town’s sordid secrets ... Fire Walk With Me taps into something considerably more terrifying: not only the evil buried somewhere in the quintessential middle-class family, but the evil buried somewhere in all of us, and our capacity for it."[103] Robbie Collin pushed back against claims that the film disregarded the story of the TV series, explaining that "far from cheating viewers, [Fire Walk with Me's] fresh perspective offered them a new way to decode the entire Twin Peaks mythos, with Sheryl Lee’s extraordinary, soul-tearing performance shaking the franchise out of its cherry-pie-munching reverie."[64] RogerEbert.com's Scout Tafoya said that the film exposes "the lie we'd been living under Bush and Reagan, that what we needed was a return to family values, to lie about everything that made us uncomfortable."[104] Esquire's Dom Nero recalled that as a child, he had been taught that speaking backwards (like the characters in the Red Room) was the work of the Devil, and said that Fire Walk with Me encodes "the concept that demons were hiding in plain sight."[105]

The film's legacy was further strengthened by changing attitudes towards public depictions of women and sexual abuse survivors.[106] During the film's 30th anniversary in 2022, The A.V. Club's Brent Simon explained that the film was "wildly ahead of its time ... in its deployment and embrace of modes of expression which centered the victim's experience." He concluded that the MeToo movement had made society more open "to both survivors sharing [their] stories and others bearing witness to them."[59] In The Best Film You've Never Seen (2013), John Dahl said that while the film was not for "most people," modern audiences are now more aware of parental sexual abuse, so Laura Palmer's story "wouldn't be quite as shocking today."[107]

By 2018, Lynch was able to declare that "the collective consciousness changes and people come around. Look at Van Gogh: the guy could not sell one painting and now nobody can afford them."[108] He added that "I feel bad that Fire Walk with Me did no business and that a lot of people hated the film. But I really like the film. But it had a lot of baggage with it. It's as free and as experimental as it could be within the dictates it had to follow."[62]

2017 continuation

[edit]
Main article: Twin Peaks season 3

The film was initially planned as the first installment of a trilogy, and (briefly) continues the events of Season Two with Laura's dream where Annie Blackburn tells her "The good Dale is in the lodge and can't leave. Write it in your diary." Lynch envisioned that in the next two films, Laura's diary entry would be discovered, allowing him to continue the series' narrative in a non-linear, non-chronological style. However, the film's commercial failure meant that the other two films were never made.[13] Lynch himself said that the Twin Peaks franchise was "dead as a doornail" after Fire Walk with Me.[109]

Despite Lynch's prior qualms, Showtime eventually revived the franchise. In 2017, a third season of the series, styled as Twin Peaks: The Return, was released. Lynch confirmed that Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me would be significant to the events of The Return.[110][111] According to The Guardian's Martyn Conterio, The Return makes Fire Walk with Me "the key to the entire Twin Peaks universe."[49] Rolling Stone's Alan Sepinwall wrote that "like Fire Walk With Me, Twin Peaks: The Return went out of its way to avoid giving the audience much of what they expected."[112]

Influence on other filmmakers

[edit]

James Gray called Fire Walk with Me "a classic example of how the critics get it wrong," adding that the film's empathy for how Laura is "suffering so profoundly [was] a thing of beauty."[113] Gregg Araki called the film Lynch's "masterpiece" and a "perfect movie,"[114] praising Sheryl Lee's performance as "one of the greatest performances in the history of cinema."[115] He included the film in his list of the ten greatest films of all time during the 2012 Sight & Sound directors' poll.[116] Céline Sciamma said that the film "changed the way that I look at cinema" and that after she saw the film, "the whole world felt different."[117] Jane Schoenbrun said that it was "my favorite film" and "goes to places that made me feel things I'd never felt before."[58] Jacques Rivette called the film "the craziest film in the history of cinema," explaining that "I have no idea what I saw, all I know is that I left the theater floating six feet above the ground."[118]

According to French streaming website LaCinetek [fr], Bong Joon-ho, Bertrand Bonello, Lynne Ramsay, and Céline Sciamma are fans of the film.[119] John Waters and Alexandra Cassavetes have also praised the film.[120][121]

Home media

[edit]

Releases

[edit]

Fire Walk with Me's home video distribution rights have changed hands many times. In 1993, New Line Home Video released the film in the United States on VHS and LaserDisc. New Line also released a Special Edition DVD in 2002.[36] The film received several international DVD releases, including the United Kingdom (Region 2) in 2001[122] and Australia (Region 4) in 2005.[123]

The film also received a round of Blu-ray releases in the early 2010s, including in France,[124] Australia,[125] the United Kingdom,[126] and finally North America in 2014. The North American release contains more than 90 minutes of deleted and extended scenes from the film.[127]

The North American distribution rights are currently held by Janus Films, which arranged for a Criterion Collection DVD and Blu-ray re-release in 2017 in conjunction with the release of Twin Peaks: The Return.[128] In 2019 and 2015, the film was re-released as part of Twin Peaks: From Z to A, a Blu-ray collection that includes all three television seasons, Fire Walk with Me, The Missing Pieces, and previously released and newly released special features.[129]

Deleted scenes

[edit]
Main article: Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces

When Lynch cut various supporting characters out of the final edit, he remarked that "it might be good sometime to do a longer version with these other things in, because a lot of the characters that are missing in the finished movie had been filmed. They're part of the picture, they're just not necessary for the main story."[39]

New Line Cinema considered including the deleted scenes on its 2002 DVD re-release, but declined to do so due to budgetary and running-time concerns.[36] Lynch claimed that New Line backed out after he quoted a $100,000 fee to edit, mix, and color grade the remaining footage.[6] After MK2 acquired the rights, it spoke with Lynch about adding deleted scenes to a 2007 re-release, but these plans never came to fruition, and MK2 re-released the film without the additional content. In 2008, Lynch said the global financial crisis may have affected MK2's decisionmaking.[130]

The deleted scenes were not released until 2014, when Lynch, MK2, and CBS Home Entertainment compiled them into a feature film called Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces.[131][5] Reviewing the release, The Guardian wrote that "the scenes are too fragmented to be viewed as anything other than a cluster of vignettes, but that does not diminish their eccentric power."[132] The Dissolve added that the film "looked a lot like what deleted scenes usually look like: dead ends, intriguing digressions, smart discards, and intriguing unused options."[37]

Soundtrack

[edit]
Main article: Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (soundtrack)

The soundtrack to Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me was released on Warner Bros. Records on August 11, 1992. It includes music by Angelo Badalamenti,[133] who had composed and conducted the music on the television series and its original soundtrack.[134]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Award(s) Category – Nominee(s) Result
Brit Awards Best Soundtrack – Angelo Badalamenti[70] Won
Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or – David Lynch[135] Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards Best Original Score – Angelo Badalamenti[136] Won
Best Female Lead – Sheryl Lee[136] Nominated
Saturn Awards Best Music – Angelo Badalamenti[137] Won
Best Actress – Sheryl Lee Nominated
Best Horror Film – Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Ray Wise Nominated
Best Writing – David Lynch and Robert Engels[138] Nominated

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ This is later revealed to be the scene where Leland Palmer kills Teresa Banks.
  2. ^ Teresa's body is discovered under similar conditions as Laura Palmer in the pilot of the TV series: floating down a river, wrapped in plastic, with a piece of paper lodged underneath one fingernail.
  3. ^ Laura's diary is further discussed in Episode 11 of the TV series.
  4. ^ In Episode 22 of the TV series, Cooper is trapped in the Red Room and is replaced on Earth by a doppelgänger possessed by BOB.
  5. ^ In Episode 13 of the TV series, MIKE explains that he cut off his human host's arm to rid himself of BOB's influence.
  6. ^ It is implied that Teresa realized who he was and attempted to blackmail him.
  7. ^ A deleted scene reveals that the package of white powder the policeman was carrying was actually baby laxative.
  8. ^ In Episode 14 of the TV series, BOB drugs Sarah again to set up the murder of Maddy Ferguson, and Sarah has a similar vision.
  9. ^ They specifically demand "garmonbozia," translated on-screen as "pain and sorrow."

References

[edit]
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  3. ^ Grein, Paul (2020). "Oscar Winner Hildur Guðnadóttir Reveals Her 5 Favorite Film Scores". Billboard. Penske Media Corporation. Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me: Angelo Badalamenti created the music for David Lynch's psychological horror film from 1992
  4. ^ Cabin, Chris (May 17, 2017). "David Lynch's Movies Ranked from Worst to Best". Collider. Valnet Publishing Group. Decades after it was ignored by nearly everyone, Fire Walk With Me feels at once like a psychological horror classic just finally getting its due
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Sources

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[edit]
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